Morphological typology of the 19th century the implicit premise of the first language typology is that morphology, especially inflection, forms the core of the language system. Suggest ways through which communication competence of the learners of english as a second language can be facilitated using appropriate wordformation processes. Click the download now button to get the complete project work instantly. The language s tone system was given by john goldsmith as an example of autosegmental phenomena that go beyond the linear model of phonology laid out in the sound pattern of english. Comparative study of morphological processes in english. Word formation processes in nigerian short message service.
Although, some works have been done on the inflectional and extensional suffixes in the language but no detailed study so far has been done on the prime suffixes in the language. Other terms that are occasionally used include cloning, doubling, duplication, repetition, and tautonym when it is used in biological taxonomies, such as bison bison. Comparative study of morphological processes in english and. It is an important means of supplementing vocabulary and forming specialized terms. English and hausa are two different languages with different linguistic origins, backgrounds, and conditions that make them naturally different. According to linguist bogdan szymanek, english wordformation is doing quite well and keeps many people busy. In some cases a third, downstepped high tone is recognized.
Igbo is written in the latin script, which was introduced by british colonialists. It is written in the roman script and is a tonal language like yoruba and chinese, with two distinctive tones. Igbo kwa subfamily of the nigercongo language family the igbo are the second largest group of people living in southern nigeria. Global yoruba lexical database university of pennsylvania. Below we picked 70% of the most commonly used words. Word formation is the process of creating new words. It died out, probably because it was popular among secret societies whose members did not want to discuss it publicly. Jul 25, 2019 the form of a word that results from adding a derivational morpheme is known as a derived word or a derivative. Nouns are invariable but verbs take prefixes and suffixes to mark aspect and tense. Igbo language nnamdi azikiwe university digital library. Chapter 2 an overview of affixation as an important word formation process in world languages. The determiner in the igbo nominal phrase 545 greg orji c. Apr 14, 2020 below is this years waec syllabus for igbo.
Fill in each gap by typing in the best word from the word family listed for each number. The study adopted a contrastive analysis theory cum contrastive analysis hypothesis which is an area of linguistic studies that deals with the. Several affixations and tonal patterns which characterize the igbo verb formation process do exist in english language. Yoruba word formation is for the most part derivational and not inflectional i. See more ideas about learning resources, language and teaching. The following word formation processes result in the creation of new words in english. Suggest ways through which communication competence of the learners of english as a second language can be facilitated using appropriate word formation processes. Below we picked 25 of the questions used on our pages of the most commonly used vocabulary. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates. Although they live in scattered groups of villages, they all speak one language. In morphology, there are two main processes of word formation, namely inflectional and derivational. The origin of this usage of tautonym is uncertain, but it has been suggested that it is of.
The main cultural festival of aro people known for its fierce masquerades asusu anya. Not only does that book describe the wide variety of the traditions in this part of nigeria, attention is. Today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for igbo 20202021 download waec syllabus 2020 pdf here for free. I hit the man on his head, each of the words is a free morpheme that cant be broken down into smaller parts. Corpussize quantification for computational morphological. According to linguist bogdan szymanek, english word formation is doing quite well and keeps many people busy. Reduplication is the standard term for this phenomenon in the linguistics literature. Word formation occurs through formal means established within a given language that give a new or more precise meaning to the original elements. Area of study the area of this study is anaku in ayamelum, anambra state, nigeria, a language group a variety of igbo language of about sixteen thousand 16,000 inhabitants. Igboenglish and englishigbo dictionary this vocabulary is part of a published book that provides simple and easytoread insights into igbo language and culture. This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec igbo to help them prepare. Since its independence, the main languages in nigeria have been hausa, igbo and yoruba, also known by the word wazobia, i.
Clipping differs from backformation in that the new word retains the meaning of the original word. This paper presents a finite state model of reduplication processes in igbo. Overall, in igbo, the infinitive form of the verb begins either with an i or. Languages vocabularies grow from time to time as a result of new innovations that continuously spring up in different sectors of life and human endeavour.
Thus, the formation of the word unusable is a twostep process whereby use and able attach first, then unattaches to the word usable. The researcher observed that word formation processes in english and igbo languages involve affixation, inflection, and derivation. Word formation is a means of deriving generating linguistic units in order to create a new one word name having a semantic and formal connection with the original unit. The yoruba language the yoruba language is a benuekwa language of the larger nigercongo family of languages, of the yoruboid branch. The igbo quiz below would be a great way for you to test what you have practiced earlier with our vocabulary trainer. Such differences create problem in second language learning especially in verbal affixation. Derivation is the word formation process in which a derivational affix attaches to the base. Jan 20, 2019 resources for teaching yourself how to speak and read the igbo language. A functional analysis of the prime suffixes in igbo morphosyntax.
We can see that there are two different meanings for this word. The igbo language is one of the languages of the benue congo family spoken predominantly in the southeast part of nigeria. Download the complete linguistics project topic and material chapter 15 titled the morphological processes of tiv word formation here on projects. The researcher observed that wordformation processes in english and igbo languages involve affixation, inflection, and derivation. Reading and writing igbo is not very widespread and not much igbo literature exists. The method of data analysis was contrastive, since this research is a contrastive study of noun formation in english and igbo. Nigerian languages, literatures, culture and reforms. You will be able to see your score at the end of the quiz, as well as a green check mark next to the correct answers. Igbo language is one of the many languages spoken in nigeria.
A wordformation process may be either or all about the following. Every language of the world has its own word formation processes and the rules governing the formation. Morphological processes in anaku igbo journal of pan african. Igbo is a tonal language and has vowel harmony as well as consonants with double articulation. The indivisibility of ai in standard yoruba 557 oye taiwo 48.
Igbo not ibo is a language spoken in nigeria by the igbo people ndi igbo. Click here for stepbystep rules, stories and exercises to practice all english tenses. There are quite a few of them, and we will now make the most important ones simple and clear. The suffix ize, objected to by edwin newman in words like hospitalize, has a long and venerable history.
Many of you chose to look up ize words as part of your first assignment according to hans marchand, who wrote a book entitled the categories and types of presentday english word formation, university of alabama press, 1969, the suffix ize comes originally from the greek izo. Word formation 1 the process or result of forming new words, called derived words, from words or word groups with the same root. The lessons on this page mostly focus on the newer 10 based counting system, meaning the numbers are described based on the multiples of 10 instead of multiples 20. Igbo is a tonal language with two distinctive tones, the high and low. It is natively spoken in southwestern nigeria, benin and togo countries of africa by well over 30 million people. Standard igbo is an amalgam of the different dialects of the igbo language. The following sections define and exemplify the related word formation processes of derivation and back formation. It is considered largely an isolating language with an svo syntax.
A history of the igbo language compiled by frances w. Nominal forms can derive from verbs and verb phrases by means of affixes. Were dedicating this page to the most important and most used words in igbo. A word formation process may be either or all about the following. Word order is, like in most benuecongo languages, subjectverbobject. Identified igbo reduplication processes are based on i verbal reduplication with prefixation, ii total nominal. Morphology is the study of word formation in language. Finite state representation of reduplication processes in igbo. Word formation processes are basically how new words are created and become part of the language. This research work hinges on the contrastive analysis of igbo and english affixation. This data, from twentyeight language families and fortyfive language genera, reveals associations between wordformation processes in genetically and geographically distinct languages. Word formation compounding words, blending and clipping. This work aims at investigating the relationships that exist between the english and the hausa languages at the level of their morphological processes. Negative affixation in igbo language semantic scholar.
Igbo is mainly a spoken and colloquial language today, the. Igbo language is one of the three major languages, spoken in nigeria, west africa. Morphology, morphological processescommunication, concatenate processes, language universals, anaku, igbo language. Its loan words are mostly from arabic, english, hausa and igbo languages. This study uses the nomenclatures of this pdf handout to analyze the morphological processes in anaku igbo to prove or disprove the universality of the processes.
Pritchett pre1500s a form of writing called nsibidi, using formalized pictograms, existed among the igbo and neighboring groups. Word formation processes in nigerian shortmessage service abstract one of the features of a living language is that it constantly changes with new words finding their way into the vocabulary of the language. Department of linguistics, igbo and other nigerian languages, university of. In igbo language, the morphological processes involve the formal processes as operations by which words are formed, altering the status of existing words, as well as the use of different configurations of tones on a word to form more words. Nov 10, 2019 today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for igbo 20202021 download waec syllabus 2020 pdf here for free. Such means include joining affixes to stems russian stolik, little table. Nov 05, 20 the english and igbo verb formation processes are similar only in the area ablaut morpheme transformation and shift in stress do not exist in igbo language. A sound knowledge of the igbo language, literature and culture is a fundamental need for all who desire the comprehensive knowledge of the igbo people. Wordformation processes in nigerian english 5 oyatogun, aituari taiwo 45. Jan 19, 2012 processes of word formation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Therefore memorizing them will give you a 70% boost in the language. Atthesametime,thepresentsituationwithregardtolanguageallo cationdoesnotaffecttheeffortsofthelanguage.
The paper examined derivation as one of the word formation processes in the. The english and igbo verb formation processes are similar only in the area ablaut morpheme transformation and shift in stress do not exist in igbo language. You can add derivational morphemes to free morphemes, which are those words that cant be divided into smaller component parts and retain meaning. The igbo and english languages are of different linguistic backgrounds and as such are characterized by differences in the affixation processes. Igbo introduction, location, language, folklore, religion. This data, from twentyeight language families and fortyfive language genera, reveals associations between word formation processes in genetically and geographically distinct languages. Yoruba is a tonal language with very little inflectional morphology and a strict subjectverbobject word order. Overall, there are two different counting systems in the igbo language, a 20 based one older version and a 10 decimal based one newer version. They are socially and culturally diverse, consisting of many subgroups. Word formation processes in nigerian shortmessage service.
However, the english language system of verb formation involves verbal ablaut and inflection. Verb structure in igbo language ngwaa verbs verbs are words used to show action. How to say formation in igbo thesaurus and word tools. Look at the word formation examples above if you are not sure which form to use. Word formation article about word formation by the free. From table i, all the unit sets of words gave at least 300 word labels, with only one unit set giving 292.
The language has approximately 24 million speakers, who live mostly in nigeria and are primarily of igbo descent. Such differences create problem in second language learning especially in. Clipping is the word formation process in which a word is reduced or shortened without changing the meaning of the word. A contrastive analysis of conjugation of english and igbo. The infinitive form of the verb, also called the infinitive marker, refers to the most simple version of the verb preceded by the word to such as to see. Welcome to the 9th lesson about the igbo vocabulary. This study focuses on analyzing and contrasting the processes of noun formation in both english and igbo languages. Derivation is defined in literature as one of the processes of word formation. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Igbo verbs nnamdi azikiwe university digital library. In linguistics, compounds can be either native or borrowed.
Compounding compounding forms a word out of two or more root morphemes. Based on this, the igbo syllabus is designed for candidates studying igbo. Most onesyllable words in the english language are free morphemes. The languages tone system was given by john goldsmith as an example of autosegmental phenomena that go beyond the linear model of phonology laid out in the sound pattern of english. A contrastive analysis of conjugation of english and igbo verbs. Igbo preamble a sound knowledge of the igbo language, literature and culture is a fundamental need for all who desire the comprehensive knowledge of the igbo people.
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